ABSTRACT. The main objective of our work was to survey the composition (richness and abundance) of birds in a forest remnant of the Atlantic Forest in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, susceptible to the expansion of quarrying activities to support future analyzes of the environmental impacts. We recorded 142 bird species, distributed in 16 orders and 42 families. We propose that species richness shall not be affected by the expansion of quarrying into the remnant; however, we recorded that bird abundance was significantly lower near the forest edge than in the interior, especially of endemic, threatened and understory specialist species. Thus, if quarrying operation expands, we expect the bird abundance in adjacent forest remnants will be higher after species displacement, then will decrease over time as intra- and interspecific ecological relationships increase through competition for resources and territory. The size and quality of the remaining fragments are fundamental to reduce impacts of the activity and ensure the persistence of populations of sensitive and specialized birds in the region. For this reason, if the quarrying expands into the remnant area, then we propose that the surrounding forests be protected to ensure the migration and persistence of sensitive birds, mainly understory insectivores. In this context, we propose the following five actions to be implemented by the entrepreneur: 1) acquisition of surround remnants to be converted into Private Protected Areas, 2) reforestation equivalent to deforested area, 3) contribute to the National Action Plan for the Conservation of Atlantic Forest Birds through compensatory measures, 4) reduction of quarrying area, and 5) bird monitoring program.

RESUMO O principal objetivo do nosso trabalho foi o levantamento da composição (riqueza e abundância) da avifauna em um remanescente florestal de Mata Atlântica em Santa Catarina, suscetível à ampliação e intervenção de uma pedreira para subsidiar futuras análises de impactos ambientais dessa atividade. Registramos 142 espécies de aves, distribuídas em 16 ordens e 42 famílias. A partir dos resultados, concluímos que a riqueza total de espécies não deve ser afetada pela ampliação da área de lavra sob o remanescente. No entanto, constatamos que a abundância das aves foi menor nas proximidades da borda da mata, especialmente das aves endêmicas, ameaçadas e especialistas de sub-bosque. Dessa maneira, esperamos que a abundância nas áreas florestais adjacentes seja maior por um período, após o deslocamento das espécies, e diminua ao longo do tempo, à medida em que as relações ecológicas intraespecíficas e interespecíficas aumentem pela competição por recursos e território no habitat. Alertamos que se o tamanho do remanescente não for suficiente para populações viáveis, nossa hipótese é que haja um lapso temporal até que as espécies mais sensíveis desapareçam do local. O tamanho e qualidade do fragmento remanescente deve ser fundamental para minimizar os impactos da atividade e garantir a persistência das populações de aves sensíveis e especializadas na região. Por esse motivo, se a expansão da mina ocorrer, advertimos para que os remanescentes florestais do entorno sejam preservados para garantir a migração e persistência de aves sensíveis, principalmente insetívoras de sub-bosque relatadas em nosso estudo. Nesse contexto, apontamos cinco medidas prioritárias que devem ser implementadas pelo empreendedor, caso o órgão licenciador delibere em favor da ampliação/manutenção da atividade minerária: 1) aquisição dos remanescentes do entorno para transformá-los em RPPN, 2) reposição florestal equivalente à área desmatada, 3) contribuir com as ações do Plano de Ação Nacional para conservação das aves da Mata Atlântica por meio de medida compensatória, 4) diminuição da área de mina para exploração e 5) monitoramento de aves durante a instalação e operação do empreendimento.

Abstract The Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis) is a typical bird from southern Brazil, but it is widely dis- tributed across South America. It is well-recognized by its characteristic colors, imposing vocalization and aggressive behavior. The species inhabits grasslands, which can vary locally and regionally. The aim of this study is to evaluate how Southern Lapwings select their macro- and micro-habitats, which is necessary to better understand the species’ ecology, its relationship with the environment and the complex interaction between behavior and territory. This research intends to verify if there is any kind of selection for a specific environ ment and which factors influence the choice of feeding and breeding territories. Fieldwork was carried out at 40 ha in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, with 60 sampling points divided across six different vegetal formations. For macro-habitats, we analyzed data on availability and use of the area through the selection index, while for micro-habitat selection we constructed Generalized Linear Models (GLM) with the measures of environmental variables for each point. The selection index indicates that there is a strong preference for impacted grasslands, while lapwings seem to avoid forests and shrubland during both breeding and non-breeding seasons. The mi cro-habitat analysis indicates that the birds generally select areas with low vegetation height, and a certain degree of local human impact, but that the presence of farm animals is only preferred during the non-breeding season. This study shows that the Southern Lapwing can benefit from anthropic and altered environments, and it contributes to the understanding of this bird’s ecology and facilitates conservation measures.

RESUMO O quero-quero Vanellus chilensis (Molina, 1782) é uma ave típica do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, mas possui ampla distribuição geográfica nos campos da América do Sul, sendo conhecido pelo canto imponente e pelos comportamentos relacionados com a agressividade e a territorialidade. Apesar de ser reconhecido como animal símbolo do estado, nenhum trabalho acerca dos comportamentos dessa ave foi desenvolvido no estado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo qualificar e quantificar o repertório comportamental de V. chilensis. Observações dos comportamentos dessa ave foram feitas em uma área de campo com oito hectares, no município de Torres, RS, entre dezembro de 2017 e novembro de 2018, totalizando 143 horas de observação. Utilizou-se a metodologia de observação de todas as ocorrências e observação de animal focal, coletando-se dados de frequência de ocorrência e duração de cada comportamento. Com os dados construiu-se um etograma. Registrou-se 23 comportamentos divididos em cinco categorias: locomoção, manutenção, alimentação, social-agonista e reprodução. Identificaram-se três formas de vocalização distintas em sonoridade, duração e ocasião, o que sugere diferentes funções para cada uma. As análises comprovaram a variação da maior parte dos comportamentos ao longo dos meses do ano, tanto em frequência como em duração. Constatou-se o aumento dos comportamentos sociais-agonistas e reprodutivos durante a estação reprodutiva, enquanto outras categorias como alimentação e manutenção apresentaram diminuição nesse período, havendo maior empenho dos animais na proteção dos ninhos e filhotes. O trabalho permitiu a caracterização dos comportamentos de V. chilensis no sul do Brasil, auxiliando no entendimento das relações entre espécie e ambiente típico da região.

ABSTRACT The Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis (Molina, 1782) is a common bird in Rio Grande do Sul state, south Brazil, but is widely distributed across South America. It inhabits grasslands and other open habitats and it is known by a distinctive black, grey, and white coloration, a conspicuous vocalization and both aggressive and territorial behaviors. Although being recognized as the bird symbol of Rio Grande do Sul, no study about its behavior has yet been carried out in the state. Here, we aimed to describe and quantify the behavioral repertoire of Southern Lapwing. Between December of 2017 and November of 2018, we carried out observations in an eight-hectares grassland site in northern Rio Grande do Sul. We used ad libitum and animal focusing techniques to identify and record the frequency and duration of specific behaviors. An ethogram was elaborated, representing the 23 detected behaviors, grouped in five categories: locomotion, maintenance, feeding, socio-agonistic, and reproduction. Our analysis showed that most behaviors vary in both frequency and duration over the year. We detected high frequency and duration of social-agonistic and reproductive behaviors during the breeding season, while other categories, like feeding and maintenance, showed a decrease in the same period, with greater commitment to protect the eggs and chicks. We also recorded three types of vocalization with different characteristics, one of which occurs exclusively during the breeding season. The results of our study allowed the identification and quantification of V. chilensis in southern Brazil, thus helping in understanding the relations between the species and its habitats in the region.

ABSTRACT A neotype is designated for Pelecanus aquilus Linnaeus, 1758 (currently Fregata aquila ; Aves, Fregatidae) to fix the identity of this nominal species.

The type locality of the South American Tern, Sterna hirundinacea, has long been considered to be the state of Santa Catarina in South Brazil. This conclusion was probably based on two syntypes, from the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris, France, one from Laguna and the other from an unspecified locality. The latter was probably shot on the coast of Rio de Janeiro. A recent molecular study has shown that Brazilian and Patagonian populations of S. hirundinacea are not completely panmictic, though genetic differentiation between them is low. No data from the Falkland Islands and Pacific coast populations have been available for comparison. If future analysis shows that Pacific and/or Falkland/Malvinas populations are genetically isolated from the Brazil-Patagonian ones, the name S. hirundinacea would apply only to birds from the latter populations. Given that the two syntypes were collected at two widely spaced localities, doubts exist as to the precise locality where one syntype was taken, and to clear up uncertainties, a lectotype of S. hirundinacea is herein designated.

We review existing data on the distribution of the Least Tern, Sternula antillarum along the Brazilian coast, based on the literature and museum specimens, and present results of a year-long study (October 2008 to September 2009) on the seasonal abundance of this species on a large tidal flat area, Cajuais Bank, in the State of Ceará, north-eastern Brazil. We evaluate whether the observed variation in the abundance of terns is due to the occurrence of an undocumented breeding colony, or alternatively, whether it results from an influx of migrants from the Northern Hemisphere. The recovery of historical data revealed that all literature references on the distribution of birds in the Americas, published up to the late 1990s include Brazil in the non-breeding range of the Least Tern. This inclusion is based on a few, old (late 19th and early 20th centuries) museum specimens, all of which have been collected on the northern and north-eastern coasts of this country'. From the late 1980s, birds continued to be occasionally recorded along the coastline, running from the State of Amapá (01°N) up to the State of Bahia (10°S), with records of single individuals in south-eastern and southern Brazil. An alleged record from Rocas Atoll, 260 km off the Brazilian mainland, might tentatively refer to the Old World Little Tern S. albifrons. At Cajuais Bank, Least Terns occurred from October 2008 to April 2009, and in September 2009. The highest numbers (> 800 individuals) were recorded in January-February (Southern Hemisphere's summer). The species was observed in rather small numbers (< 30) in March-April (early-mid Southern Hemisphere fall) and in September (early Southern Hemisphere spring), being absent from the area in May-August (Southern Hemisphere's fall and winter). In October-December 2008 (Southern Hemisphere's spring), and September 2009 (early Southern Hemisphere's summer), no birds were in breeding plumage. In January, about 32% of the birds were in breeding plumage, while from February-April (Southern Hemisphere's summer to mid fall) all were in breeding plumage. This pattern is consistent with what would be expected for migratory birds. The Cajuais Bank itself (and adjacent beaches and inland environments) holds the largest numbers of Least Terns recorded in Brazil, thus being one of the most significant sites along the migratory route of the species.